We have updated to the python code in our git repo.
It now includes;
- The elusive Kalman filter.
- Math needed when the IMU is upside down
- Automatically calculate loop period.
- A lot more comments.
What is a Kalman filter? In a nutshell;
A Kalman filter is, it is an algorithm which uses a series of measurements observed over time, in this context an accelerometer and a gyroscope. These measurements will contain noise that will contribute to the error of the measurement. The Kalman filter will then try to estimate the state of the system, based on the current and previous states, that tend to be more precise that than the measurements alone.
A Kalman filter is more precise than a Complementary filter. This can be seen in the image below, which is the output of a complementary filter (CFangleX) and a Kalman filter (kalmanX) from the X axis plotted in a graph.
The red line (KalmanX) is better at filtering out noisep;
The code can be found here in our Git repository here
And can be pulled down to your Raspberry Pi with;
A summary of the code;
def kalmanFilterY ( accAngle, gyroRate, DT): y=0.0 S=0.0 global KFangleY global Q_angle global Q_gyro global y_bias global XP_00 global XP_01 global XP_10 global XP_11 global YP_00 global YP_01 global YP_10 global YP_11 KFangleY = KFangleY + DT * (gyroRate - y_bias) YP_00 = YP_00 + ( - DT * (YP_10 + YP_01) + Q_angle * DT ) YP_01 = YP_01 + ( - DT * YP_11 ) YP_10 = YP_10 + ( - DT * YP_11 ) YP_11 = YP_11 + ( + Q_gyro * DT ) y = accAngle - KFangleY S = YP_00 + R_angle K_0 = YP_00 / S K_1 = YP_10 / S KFangleY = KFangleY + ( K_0 * y ) y_bias = y_bias + ( K_1 * y ) YP_00 = YP_00 - ( K_0 * YP_00 ) YP_01 = YP_01 - ( K_0 * YP_01 ) YP_10 = YP_10 - ( K_1 * YP_00 ) YP_11 = YP_11 - ( K_1 * YP_01 ) return KFangleY
Hi
Is CFangleX directly comparable with kalmanx, as “suggested” in in the figure above? The reason why I ask is that I get very different results for rawx, CFangleX and kalmanx – really not comparable. Results are obtained using BerryGPS-IMU3 lying static on ground. raw(x,y,z) yields (0,0,1)g when calibrated using acc = acc*0.244*1e-3 (so rawx,y,z are fine). If results are comparable, then does it make sense to apply calibration (acc = acc*0.244*1e-3) on kalman and/or CF data to obtain absolute g (or m/s2) values?
Hi, what code are you using? And if it is our code, have you made any changes?
I am using the gyro_accelerometer_tutorial03_kalman_filter from GitHub. No changes to the code. So I guess I should be able to obtain somewhat comparable results using rawx, kalmanx, cfAngleX. So far, I have 5 BerryIMU V2 and 6 BerryGPS IMU V3 which I am trying to validate before scaling up
python